Interest in the translation movement as a main cultural endeavor in the framework of globalization and the dialogue of cultures is increasing. This book encloses the proceedings of the conference organized by the Faculty of Humanity at Notre Dame University-Louaize on this topic.
The research and papers published in this book deal with the challenges of contemporary translation, the role of the translator in the era of globalization, the quality of translation in an era of electronic communication, the conception of the linguistic unit in the systems of automatic translation, modern theories of translation, the role of technology in the efficiency of translation and the training of translators, and terminologies in the teaching of translation. Some of the research also revolves around the role of translation in creating cross-cultural bridges, literary translation, cultural identity and modernity, and translation of poetry and of ideological meanings. Finally, the book highlights the future demands and challenges.

يزداد الاهتمام بحركة الترجمة كعمل ثقافيّ أساسيّ ضمن سياق العولمة وحوار الحضارات.
يضم هذا الكتاب وقائع المؤتمر الذي نظّمته كليّة الإنسانيّات في جامعة سيّدة اللويزة حول هذا الموضوع.
ولقد تناولت الأبحاث المنشورة في الكتاب تحدّيات الترجمة المعاصرة، ودور المترجم في زمن العولمة، ومستويات الترجمة في زمن الاتصالات الإلكترونيّة، ومعنى الألسنيّة في نظم الترجمة الآليّة، والنظريات الحديثة
للترجمة، ودور التكنولوجيا في فعاليّة الترجمة وتدريب المترجمين، وقوافل المفردات في تعليم الترجمة.
كما تناول بعض هذه الأبحاث دور المترجم في مدّ الجسور الحضاريّة، ثمّ الترجمة الأدبيّة والهويّة الثقافيّة والحداثة، وكذلك ترجمة الشعر وترجمة المعاني العقائديّة.
وأخيرًا، يتوقّف البحث أمام النظرة المستقبليّة ومواجهة التحدّيات.

Proceedings of the International Conference on the Challenges of Translation and Interpretation in the Third Millennium
Edited by: Naji Oueijan, Boulos Sarru'
Published by: Notre Dame University, Louaize
©2001 by the individual authors of the papers
P.O. Box: 72, Zouk Mikael – Lebanon
Printed by: Meouchy & Zakaria Printers – Beirut – Lebanon – 2003

About Stephen King
Stephen King is the author of more than fifty books, all of them worldwide bestsellers. His first crime thriller featuring Bill Hodges, MR MERCEDES, won the Edgar Award for best novel and was shortlisted for the CWA Gold Dagger Award. Both MR MERCEDES and END OF WATCH received the Goodreads Choice Award for the Best Mystery and Thriller of 2014 and 2016 respectively.

King co-wrote the bestselling novel Sleeping Beauties with his son Owen King, and many of King's books have been turned into celebrated films and television series including The Shawshank Redemption, Gerald's Game and It.

King was the recipient of America's prestigious 2014 National Medal of Arts and the 2003 National Book Foundation Medal for distinguished contribution to American Letters. In 2007 he also won the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America. He lives with his wife Tabitha King in Maine.

International Conference

Opening Session

Introductory Address
 Naji Oueijan
Speaker of Tongues
 Boulos A. Sarru
Localization and the Training of Linguistic Mediators for the Third Millennium
 Anthony Pym

First Session The Challenges of Translation in the 3rd Millennium: A Bi-focal Approach
 Moustafa Gabr
From Empire-Building to Globalisation: The Translator's Role in Western History
 Wendy-Llyn Zaza
Learner-Centered Translation Pedagogy
 Carol Ann Goff-Kfouri

Second Session La qualité des traductions à I’ère de la communication électronique
 Gheorghe LASCU
La conception de I'unité linguistique dans les systèmes de Traduction Automatique (TA)
 Simos Crammenidis, Tita Kyriakopoulou, Tonia Nenopoulou
Postcoloniality, Hypertext Theory and The Challenges of Translation
 Yasmina Sarhrouny

Third Session From Translation to Localisation and Back
 Bert Esselink
Placing Technology at the Vertex of the Triangle when Making an Effective Translator
 Christine Sabieh
Electronic tools and the training of specialised translators in the Third Millennium
 Nadia Rahab
Automatic Translation: Machines Don't Replace Translators
 Souleima Ghorayeb

Fourth Session Arabic Terminology (crisis) Management in the Third Millennium
 David Wilmsen
Mais d'où le français cherche t-il son dynamisme?
 Hayssam Kotob
تعليم الترجمة في القرن الواحد والعشرين: قوافل المفردات
 Henry Awaiss
Pragmatic translation in Lebanon A life long formation
 Marly Nasr

Fifth Session The Role of Translation In Enhancing Cross-cultural Communication
 Afaf al-Bataineh
Translation and the Creation of Cultural Bridges: Towards a New Theorization of the Task of Translator
 Nadira Regrag
Translation of the Bible to Arabic: A brief Journey into Recent History
 Fr. Boulos Wehbe
Should Translators Be MuIti-Cultural?
 Jocelyne Bahous, Ed.D.

Sixth Session Traduire la métaphore lexicalisée: une approche quantitative
 Par Joseph-Michel Chraim
الترجمة الأدبية والهوية الثقافية والحداثة
 Mahmoud Chreih
Translating Poetry in the Computer Age: an art not a technical process!
 Amal Malek
Ideological Meaning in Discourse Analysis
 Samia Bazzi

Closing Session Facing up to the Future: Demands, Challenges and Being Prepared
 Beverly Adab

Speakers' Biographical Sketches